You have a machine, it works on your commands. Basically, it do everything what you tell it to do. But, somehow if that machine can do a task without your command or controls, then it is called intelligent machine. And hence, the phenomena is called Artificial Intelligence.
The race to built a better Artificial Intelligence started in 1950 when Alan Turing proposed something. Oh no no, that was not a theory. That was just a dialogue "Can Machine think?".
AI often revolves around the use of algorithms. An algorithm is a set of unambiguous instructions that a mechanical computer can execute. A complex algorithm is often built on top of other, simpler, algorithms. A simple example of an algorithm is the following (optimal for first player) recipe for play at tic-tac-toe:
If someone has a "threat" (that is, two in a row), take the remaining square. Otherwise,
if a move "forks" to create two threats at once, play that move. Otherwise,
take the center square if it is free. Otherwise,
if your opponent has played in a corner, take the opposite corner. Otherwise,
take an empty corner if one exists. Otherwise,
take any empty square.
Challenges for Artificial Intelligence
Basically, these are capabilities of Human Intelligence (Natural Intelligence), while building an AI these becomes challenges:
Reasoning
Problem solving
Knowledge Representation
Planning
Learning
Natural Language Processing
Perception
Motion and Manipulation
Social Intelligence
General Intelligence
Applications of AI
AI has been dominant in various fields such as:
Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, PUBG etc., where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.
Natural Language Processing − It is possible to interact with the computer that understands and interacts in natural language spoken by humans.
Expert Systems − There are some applications which integrate machine, software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and advice to the users.
Vision Systems − These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on the computer. For example,
A spying airplane takes photographs, which are used to figure out spatial information or map of the areas.
Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made by forensic artist.
Speech Recognition − Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.
Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
Intelligent Robots − Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.
Well, that's all in this article. I will write more about AI because it is an infinite approach depends on range of our thoughts. If you like this, please share it with your friends.
Cheers!
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